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Jeroen van Wordragen

De Zwaardkring · Netherlands
Inactive 20m

Weapons & Rank/ratings

Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword
Current
1335 #1,745
Peak
1390 April 2024
Record
41W · 47L · 4D
Last
November 2025
Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre
Current
1196 #1,312
Peak
1247 June 2023
Record
16W · 25L · 2D
Last
June 2025
Mixed & Men's Singlestick Regional
Current
1431 #88
Peak
1447 December 2024
Record
10W · 6L · 1D
Last
December 2024
Mixed & Men's Steel Sword and Buckler
Inactive
Current
1025
Peak
1138 September 2022
Record
6W · 17L
Last
June 2023

Scout analysis

Longsword

41W · 46L · 4D (45%)
Form
Steady
Recent 44% vs older 44%
Record: 41W · 46L · 4D (45%)
Recent half (45 fights): 44%
Older half (45 fights): 44%
Delta: 0%
Current streak: 4 Losses
Based on 91 recorded longsword fights.
Schedule
Getting ambushed
-3.4 vs expectation
Quality wins (won as clear underdog): 3
Upset losses (lost as clear favourite): 4
Over/under vs expectation: -3.4 (26 actual / 29.4 expected, n=65)
Expectation stats compare each result with the win chance implied by both fighters' ratings in that division.
Style
Building signal
Needs more exchange data
Style signal needs per-exchange match data. Once enough of this fighter's exchanges are recorded, this card will sharpen into scoring tempo, doubles rate, comeback wins, early vs late scoring, and more.
Stage
Knockout killer
Pool 38% · Elim 73%
Pool stage: 24W · 39L (38%)
Elimination: 8W · 3L (73%)
Stage tagging depends on upstream division labels - some fights may be uncategorised.
Peak
55 pts off peak
Currently below peak
Current rating: 1335
Peak rating: 1390 (April 2024)
Gap to peak: -55
Peak is relative to an isolated regional scene - see the "How to read this profile" note below.
By division
Mixed Steel Longsword 17W · 20L (46%) +0.4 vs expectation (n=31) avg opponent 1321
Mixed Steel Longsword (Tier B) 13W · 7L (65%) +1.1 vs expectation (n=5) avg opponent 1000
Mixed Steel Longsword (Tier A) 2W · 12L · 3D (12%) -4.6 vs expectation (n=17) avg opponent 1435
Mixed Steel Longsword (Basic) 8W · 4L (67%) +0.3 vs expectation (n=8) avg opponent 1185
+5 fights in 1 thinner division

Sabre

16W · 25L · 2D (37%)
Form
Cooling
Recent 29% vs older 43%
Record: 16W · 25L · 2D (37%)
Recent half (21 fights): 29%
Older half (21 fights): 43%
Delta: -14%
Current streak: 2 Losses
Based on 43 recorded sabre fights.
Schedule
Comfort bracket
-3.2 vs expectation
Over/under vs expectation: -3.2 (8 actual / 11.2 expected, n=26)
Expectation stats compare each result with the win chance implied by both fighters' ratings in that division.
Style
Building signal
Needs more exchange data
Style signal needs per-exchange match data. Once enough of this fighter's exchanges are recorded, this card will sharpen into scoring tempo, doubles rate, comeback wins, early vs late scoring, and more.
Stage
Pool specialist
Pool 50% · Elim 0%
Pool stage: 13W · 13L (50%)
Elimination: 0W · 4L (0%)
Stage tagging depends on upstream division labels - some fights may be uncategorised.
Peak
51 pts off peak
Currently below peak
Current rating: 1196
Peak rating: 1247 (June 2023)
Gap to peak: -51
Peak is relative to an isolated regional scene - see the "How to read this profile" note below.
By division
Mixed Steel Sabre 13W · 19L · 2D (38%) -1.9 vs expectation (n=19) avg opponent 1288
Mixed Steel Sabre (Open) 3W · 6L (33%) -1.3 vs expectation (n=7) avg opponent 1122

Sword & Buckler

6W · 17L (26%)
Form
Cooling
Recent 18% vs older 36%
Record: 6W · 17L (26%)
Recent half (11 fights): 18%
Older half (11 fights): 36%
Delta: -18%
Current streak: 8 Losses
Based on 23 recorded sword & buckler fights.
Schedule
Punching up
-0.8 vs expectation
Quality wins (won as clear underdog): 1
Over/under vs expectation: -0.8 (4 actual / 4.8 expected, n=14)
Expectation stats compare each result with the win chance implied by both fighters' ratings in that division.
Style
Building signal
Needs more exchange data
Style signal needs per-exchange match data. Once enough of this fighter's exchanges are recorded, this card will sharpen into scoring tempo, doubles rate, comeback wins, early vs late scoring, and more.
Stage
Balanced
Pool 25% · Elim 33%
Pool stage: 3W · 9L (25%)
Elimination: 1W · 2L (33%)
Stage tagging depends on upstream division labels - some fights may be uncategorised.
Peak
112 pts off peak
Currently below peak
Current rating: 1025
Peak rating: 1138 (September 2022)
Gap to peak: -112
Peak is relative to an isolated regional scene - see the "How to read this profile" note below.

Singlestick

10W · 6L · 1D (59%)
Form
Cooling
Recent 38% vs older 75%
Record: 10W · 6L · 1D (59%)
Recent half (8 fights): 38%
Older half (8 fights): 75%
Delta: -37%
Current streak: 1 Win
Based on 17 recorded singlestick fights.
Schedule
Getting ambushed
-1.5 vs expectation
Upset losses (lost as clear favourite): 2
Over/under vs expectation: -1.5 (3 actual / 4.5 expected, n=8)
Expectation stats compare each result with the win chance implied by both fighters' ratings in that division.
Style
Building signal
Needs more exchange data
Style signal needs per-exchange match data. Once enough of this fighter's exchanges are recorded, this card will sharpen into scoring tempo, doubles rate, comeback wins, early vs late scoring, and more.
Stage
Pool specialist
Pool 75% · Elim 25%
Pool stage: 9W · 3L (75%)
Elimination: 1W · 3L (25%)
Stage tagging depends on upstream division labels - some fights may be uncategorised.
Peak
At peak
Near career best
Current rating: 1431
Peak rating: 1447 (December 2024)
Gap to peak: -15
Peak is relative to an isolated regional scene - see the "How to read this profile" note below.

Messer

2W · 2L (50%)
Form
Building
50% win rate · 4 fights
Record: 2W · 2L (50%)
Trajectory needs 8+ fights - will sharpen as more data lands.
Current streak: 2 Wins
Based on 4 recorded messer fights.
Schedule
Schedule forming
Expectation data pending
Over/under needs 5+ rated fights - calculating as more data lands.
Expectation stats compare each result with the win chance implied by both fighters' ratings in that division.
Style
Building signal
Needs more exchange data
Style signal needs per-exchange match data. Once enough of this fighter's exchanges are recorded, this card will sharpen into scoring tempo, doubles rate, comeback wins, early vs late scoring, and more.
Stage
Pool data only
Pool 50%
Pool stage: 2W · 2L (50%)
Elimination: needs 3+ coded fights.
Stage tagging depends on upstream division labels - some fights may be uncategorised.
Peak
Peak data pending
Peak volatility low
Peak is relative to an isolated regional scene - see the "How to read this profile" note below.
Reach
19 events · 8 countries · 6.1 yrs active
4 rated weapons
Tournaments: 19
Countries fought in: 8 (nl, ch, no, uk, pl, gr, ...)
Months active: 73
Fights / year: 29.3
Rated weapons: 4

Clubmates · De Zwaardkring (90)

Events & fights (20)

Zuiderslag 2025
November 2025 · nl
6 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1552 ▼189 · 1,346.6
LOSS
1366 38%
WIN
1191 52%
LOSS
Lander Ramboer · De Hallebardiers Longsword · Pools
1249 48%
LOSS
Max van den Ekart · Houw en Hoede Longsword · Pools
1754 7%
LOSS
1441 38%
LOSS
1466 35%
Dutch Lions Cup 2025
November 2025 · nl
6 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1551 ▼188 · 1,346.6
WIN
Guus Langelaan · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Pools Score 13-8 Review →
1171 68%
WIN
Tjeard Attema · Friese Vrijvechters Longsword · Pools Score 15-5 Review →
744 74%
LOSS
Maarten Naeyaert · Sumus Soldani Longsword · Pools Score 5-17 Review →
1136 65%
LOSS
Mark Wilkie · The Institute for Historical Arts Longsword · Pools Score 3-16 Review →
1855 3%
LOSS
Bor Jaspers · Historisch Schermgilde Limburg Longsword · Pools Score 7-14 Review →
1466 35%
LOSS
Egon Beyrens · SwArta Longsword · Top 64
1729 8%
BOHEMA: The Afterblow 2025
September 2025 · cz
No match-level data
12 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1339 ▲205 · 1,371.1
WIN
Benjamin Klingman · Ministry Of The Fence Longsword · elimination round 1
1186 59%
LOSS
Márk Mészáros · Ars Ensis Longsword · elimination round 2
1246 65%
WIN
973 80%
LOSS
WIN
Marek Dědek · Hema Praha Longsword · pool 14
WIN
Federico Bucchi · Hema Praha Longsword · pool 14
979 78%
LOSS
1313 44%
WIN
Adam Jirovský · Hema Praha Longsword · pool 3
WIN
1434 31%
WIN
980 73%
LOSS
Andrin Schumacher · Säbelrassler Longsword · pool 3
1365 39%
WIN
Ruslan Khudobin · Hema Praha Longsword · pool 3
4 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 968 ▲63 · 1,210.6
NHK #1 Longsword 2025
May 2025 · nl
6 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1444 ▼63 · 1,340.2
DRAW
Nordin Youhat · Steelbound Longsword · Pools
1282 58%
WIN
Pim van hoeve · MARS Longsword · Pools
1077 57%
DRAW
Gianni Groot · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Pools
1140 55%
LOSS
1673 13%
LOSS
1455 35%
LOSS
1614 18%
6 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Singlestick Rank 61 ▲7 · 1,447.2
LOSS
Oskar ter Mors · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Singlestick · Elimination Bracket
1624 41%
WIN
Vicentiu Pavel · Sint Michielsgilde Gouda Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 12-10 Review →
LOSS
Christophe Aubry · Les Sept Epées Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 6-7 Review →
1070 64%
WIN
Marcos Ariño · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 5-4 Review →
1508 48%
LOSS
Mart van den Burg · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 2-10 Review →
1620 39%
WIN
Ilse Disco · Historisch Schermgilde Limburg Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 8-2 Review →
Berlin HEMA Cup 2025
March 2025 · de
No match-level data
18 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1335 ▼255 · 1,343.1
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 924 ▼46 · 1,189.6
LOSS
Jonas Bürgi · Reisläufer Bern Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1705 16%
LOSS
Niclas Reichel · Schwert und Bogen Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
WIN
Etienne Bidermann · Ochs München Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1188 53%
LOSS
Noah Thrasher · The Historical Combat Collective Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
LOSS
Bjorn Carne · Meyer May Rise Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1299 46%
LOSS
Maarten van der Auwera · Sumus Soldani Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1866 7%
WIN
Lukas Tetzlaff · Schwert und Bogen Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1042 61%
LOSS
Henning Hottong · Historisches Fechten Raspo Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1045 64%
LOSS
Antoni Reinfuss · Akademia Szermierzy Longsword · Round Robin Pool 4
1332 51%
WIN
Johannes Meyer · In MOTU Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
1089 55%
LOSS
Erik Endlicher · Schwert-Greifen Rostock Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
1367 30%
WIN
LOSS
Franz Teichert · Historisches Fechten Würzburg Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
1018 49%
WIN
Mathias Bär · Schwert und Bogen Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
742 76%
LOSS
Steffen Wonner · 7 Schwerter Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
881 58%
LOSS
Noah Thrasher · The Historical Combat Collective Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
1265 41%
LOSS
Thomas Rettig · Meisterhauw Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
LOSS
Mikołaj Wieczorkiewicz · Twerchhau e.V. Sabre · Round Robin Pool 6
1489 21%
6 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Singlestick Rank 47 ▼12 · 1,417.5
LOSS
1396 59%
WIN
Sander van Eijk · Zwaard & Steen Singlestick · Elimination Bracket
1428 60%
WIN
1054 71%
LOSS
1394 66%
DRAW
Andreas Uten · De Zwaardkring Singlestick · Pool Set 1
NHK Disciplines 2024
June 2024 · nl
No match-level data
4 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 699 ▼106 · 1,207.0
LOSS
LOSS
LOSS
1249 42%
DRAW
Battles In The North 2024
April 2024 · gr
No match-level data
10 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 808 ▲557 · 1,390.9
WIN
LOSS
Jerze de Reus · De Zwaardkring Longsword · Pool 1
1631 15%
WIN
820 72%
WIN
768 83%
WIN
WIN
1112 64%
WIN
George Perakis · Apocalyptic Knights Longsword · Pool 1
WIN
Vlad Dobre · Iron Will HEMA Academy Longsword · Pool 1
1116 57%
WIN
Andrei Chirlesan · Iron Will HEMA Academy Longsword · Quarter Final
1530 23%
WIN
Jerze de Reus · De Zwaardkring Longsword · Semi Final
1631 15%
PL HEMA League: Black Horns Cup 2023
June 2023 · pl
No match-level data
14 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1059 ▼107 · 1,285.4
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 386 ▼6 · 1,247.6
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sword and Buckler Rank 579 ▼112 · 1,059.1
LOSS
Grzegorz Rudnik · Na ubitej ziemi Longsword · Pool Set 1
1073 62%
LOSS
1465 33%
LOSS
Mikołaj Kołodziej · Akademia Szermierzy Longsword · Pool Set 1
1772 8%
WIN
887 73%
LOSS
Tomasz Pawliszewski · Mordschlag Sabre · Elimination Bracket
1654 16%
LOSS
1802 9%
LOSS
1297 42%
LOSS
1331 39%
WIN
1076 62%
LOSS
Adrian Lipiński · Mordschlag Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1
1188 42%
LOSS
Mikolaj Hirsch · Poznańska Grupa Fechtunku Salut Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1
LOSS
Antoni Olbrychski · Akademia Szermierzy Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1
1823 6%
LOSS
Jerzy Miklaszewski · Silkfencing Team Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1
1314 30%
5 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Singlestick Rank 25 · 1,430.0
LOSS
Fritz Tjong-Ayong · Sint Michielsgilde Gouda Singlestick · Elimination Bracket Score 0-8 Review →
WIN
Oskar ter Mors · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 8-5 Review →
1606
WIN
Dyon van Vreumingen · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 10-8 Review →
WIN
Owen Clements · MARS Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 9-7 Review →
WIN
Jairo Hernandez · MARS Singlestick · Pool Set 1 Score 14-4 Review →
Wessex League - London 2022
December 2022 · uk
13 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 732 ▲2 · 1,313.3
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 280 ▲6 · 1,235.1
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sword and Buckler Rank 323 ▼29 · 1,095.0
LOSS
Jamie MacIver · London Historical Fencing Club Longsword · Pool Set 1 Score 3-11 Review →
1670 14%
WIN
Diana Matthess · Unaffiliated Longsword · Pool Set 1
1231 54%
LOSS
Jacek Kaminski · Ausardia Longsword · Pool Set 1
LOSS
1329 49%
WIN
644 88%
WIN
Andrew Clarkson · Smart HEMA Clubs Sabre · Pool Set 1 Score 7-6 Review →
1052 65%
LOSS
Zoltan Betlen · Cambridge HEMA Sabre · Pool Set 1 Score 1-11 Review →
1353 44%
WIN
Daniel Clay · London Historical Fencing Club Sabre · Pool Set 1 Score 7-6 Review →
1016 57%
LOSS
Jamie MacIver · London Historical Fencing Club Sabre · Pool Set 1 Score 3-11 Review →
1533 28%
LOSS
Rhys Howells · Academy of Steel Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1 Score 6-9 Review →
LOSS
Pawel Rogowski · Academy of Steel Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1 Score 3-10 Review →
1192 47%
LOSS
Patrick Rance · Smart HEMA Clubs Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1 Score 1-11 Review →
1778 11%
LOSS
Rory Merrall-Wyre · The Renaissance Sword Club Sword & Buckler · Pool Set 1 Score 0-10 Review →
1415 33%
Nederlandse HEMA Kampioenschappen 2022: Evenement 2
August 2022 · nl
No match-level data
13 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 619 ▲308 · 1,316.3
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 321 ▲124 · 1,098.8
WIN
Xander Bruins · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Eighth-finals
WIN
Teun Dirk Roelof Lubbers · MARS Longsword · Poule 3
1053 59%
WIN
Stefan Roels · De Zwaardkring Longsword · Poule 3
WIN
834 64%
WIN
Xander Bruins · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Poule 3
WIN
Bryan Trepels · De Zwaardkring Longsword · Quarterfinals
1136 50%
LOSS
Alexey Rodriguez Blanter · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Semifinals
1260 48%
WIN
913 71%
LOSS
1721 17%
WIN
1185 42%
DRAW
685 61%
WIN
Marnix de Wit · De Zwaardkring Sabre · Poule 1
LOSS
Siegfried Daal · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Sabre · Quarterfinals match 3
1336 33%
Oslo Penguin Cup 2022
September 2022 · no
No match-level data
15 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 676 ▼57 · 1,310.5
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 266 ▲55 · 1,217.9
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sword and Buckler Rank 270 ▲14 · 1,138.1
LOSS
1735 13%
LOSS
DRAW
1026 58%
LOSS
1366 46%
WIN
Antti Keto · EHMS Longsword · Pool 5
1160 51%
LOSS
Federico Dall'Olio · La Salle d'Armes Sabre · Elimination round 1
LOSS
Ville Välimäki · EHMS Sabre · Pool 4
1446 27%
WIN
1060 55%
LOSS
Janusz Ruminski-Olason · Fekteklubben Frie Duellister Sword & Buckler · Elimination round 1
LOSS
Daniele Adami · Ordine delle Lame Scaligere Sword & Buckler · Swiss round 1
1580 24%
WIN
Henning Roos · Medeltida Stridsteknik Linköping IF Sword & Buckler · Swiss round 2
904 56%
LOSS
Max van den Ekart · Houw en Hoede Sword & Buckler · Swiss round 3
1587 24%
WIN
Magnus Rolstad Jordal · Fekteklubben Frie Duellister Sword & Buckler · Swiss round 4
683 74%
Nederlandse HEMA Kampioenschappen 2022: Evenement 1
May 2022 · nl
No match-level data
11 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 803 ▼169 · 1,191.3
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sword and Buckler Rank 220 ▲119 · 1,099.8
LOSS
1370 46%
LOSS
1535 33%
LOSS
Arto Fama · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Pool 2
1835 13%
DRAW
Miente Pietersma · MARS Longsword · Pool 2
1192 57%
LOSS
Nick Bos · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Pool 2
1054 52%
WIN
Thijs Huisman · MARS Sword & Buckler · Eighth-finals
LOSS
1249 26%
WIN
Thijs Huisman · MARS Sword & Buckler · pool 4
WIN
1247 29%
WIN
721 55%
LOSS
Maciej Jakub Kubik · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Sword & Buckler · Quarterfinals
1249 26%
Nederlandse HEMA Kampioenschappen 2021
September 2021 · nl
No match-level data
16 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 1011 ▲1211 · 1,171.5
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sabre Rank 614 · 925.9
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Sword and Buckler Rank 470 · 732.7
WIN
Andreas Uten · De Zwaardkring Longsword · Eighth-finals
LOSS
WIN
Max Knapen · De Zwaardkring Longsword · poul 3
WIN
Gianni Groot · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · poul 3
WIN
Imke Smeets · Historisch Vrijvechten Nederland Longsword · Quarterfinals
LOSS
WIN
Dimitri ten Have · Historisch Schermgilde Limburg Longsword · Third place match
LOSS
1059
LOSS
LOSS
1083
LOSS
Arto Fama · Zwaard & Steen Sword & Buckler · poul 3
867
LOSS
Alexander van den Akker · De Zwaardkring Sword & Buckler · poul 3
LOSS
LOSS
1107
Swiss Bears Cup 2021
October 2021 · ch
5 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 767 ▲244 · 1,236.4
LOSS
Adrien Ala · Frères d'AMHE Longsword · Pool Set 1
1314 50%
LOSS
Leonardo Erlacher · Turngemeinde Landshut Longsword · Pool Set 1
1454 34%
LOSS
1643 30%
WIN
Andrea Molino · Compagnia del Corvo Grigio Longsword · Pool Set 1
1354 50%
WIN
891 72%
Nederlandse HEMA Kampioenschappen 2019: Evenement 4
November 2019 · nl
No match-level data
4 fights
Rating outcome
  • Mixed & Men's Steel Longsword Rank 3848 · 531.5
LOSS
Devron Sijmons · De Zwaardkring Longsword · Pool 1
LOSS
Robert Kraaijeveld · Zwaard & Steen Longsword · Pool 1
1190
LOSS
Miente Pietersma · MARS Longsword · Pool 1
1008
Nederlandse HEMA Kampioenschappen 2022: Evenement: 3
November 2022
No match-level data
4 fights
How to read this profile

Rating is Glicko-2: the number shown is score - 2*RD (97.5% confidence lower bound), not raw skill. Inactive fighters "drift down" as RD grows - not because they got worse.

Hemaratings ratings don't factor in match scores, exchange counts, or doubles. Scout's score-margin and style metrics describe HOW a fighter fights, not the rating tier their results earned.

Hemaratings recomputes in batches days-to-weeks after events. A fighter's most recent tournament may not yet be reflected.

Regional At least one of this fighter's ratings is "island" - their rank/percentile is relative to an isolated regional scene, not the global population. Cross-scene rating comparisons are unreliable.